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1
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all descendants of 1 common ancestor.
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2
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some of the descendants of 1 common ancestor.
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3
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a type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides.
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4
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an organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substance derived from other organisms.
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6
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the transfer of genes from one genome to another through mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity, and perhaps fusions of different organisms.
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9
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an organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
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11
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a method of asexual reproduction by “division in half”.
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12
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a staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell walls; may be used to help determine medical response to an infection. A way to determine a type of cell.
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14
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a type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
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18
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pertaining to a group of taxa derived from two or more different ancestors.
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19
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a process in which phages (viruses) carry bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another.
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20
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a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi and some protists
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21
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the science of determining evolutionary relationships among organisms.
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22
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the conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
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23
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in prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
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