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1
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Standard telephone service, the basic form of residential and small business telephone service.
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2
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One hertz is one cycle per second; a megahertz is equal to one million cycles per second.
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3
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Involves re-writing the source and/or destination addresses of IP packets as they pass through a router or firewall; also called network masquerading, native address translation, or IP-masquerading.
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4
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The capability of a network to provide better service to selected network traffic over various technologies.
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7
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Hardware adapter that provides communication capabilities; responsible for building, transmitting, receiving, and decoding frames in a LAN environment; serves as the interface between the networked devices and the connecting wires.
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9
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Process of putting multiple signals on a wire simultaneously.
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10
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Used in some DOS shells and early versions of Windows; an improvement on the command line but cumbersome when a task requires the submenu of a submenu of a submenu of a menu item.
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12
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An artificial demarcation point or interface point between communications entities.
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13
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Security method that filter by IP address; not adequate security for a network.
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15
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A link-state hierarchical interior gateway protocol (see IGP) for network routing protocol.
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17
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Brain of the computer system where calculations and decisions are made; also referred to as the CPU.
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18
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Referred to as the L1 (level 1), an interface between the processor and the cache.
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19
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Unit of information or computer storage equal to either exactly one million bytes or, in some cases, 1,048,567 bytes, or more rarely, 1,024,000 bytes; not to be confused with Mb, which stands for megabits.
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20
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A type of database used to manage the devices in a communications network.
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21
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Port where the bits travel down parallel paths, arriving one byte at a time; can supply more bytes of data per unit time.
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24
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Unique 6-byte address associated with and coded into each network interface card (NIC); address assignment is controlled by the IEEE.
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28
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Use a real, shared circuit in the service provider’s backbone.
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29
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Part of an IP address that is uniquely assigned by one of the ICANN-sanctioned agencies.
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30
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Converts signals on an Ethernet cable to and from AUI signals.
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31
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An integrated services digital network (ISDN) configuration, usually intended for large users.
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34
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Data structures that collectively represent the transmission stream (headers and data); associated with the network layer when the communication protocol is connection-oriented.
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36
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Process by which the peer-to-peer name used on each conversational level is related to other levels.
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37
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How the various clients and servers are arranged for purposes of connectivity, performance, and security.
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40
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Another name for private lines, dedicated lines, or permanent circuits.
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42
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A computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard.
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1
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Set of rules used to control the exchange of information that is understood by the transmitter and receivers.
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2
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Information content to be shared.
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5
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Transmission, or system that carries the message or data.
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6
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Sonar concept implemented with the Echo Request and Echo Reply application; basic connectivity test between two TCP/IP network devices.
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8
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A unit of information storage; not to be confused with MB or megabytes.
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9
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Allow multiple devices to be wired to a central location, share the same media, and regenerate (repeat) the signal; also referred to as active hubs.
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11
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Developed to provide a view of the distinct functionalities that are required to implement each protocol layer; defines a complete range of functions that can be achieved with data communications equipment.
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12
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Sits between the network router and the Internet; talks to the Internet on behalf of a network’s resources, allowing real network addresses to be hidden.
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13
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Used in a LAN environment; special form of repeater that allow multiple devices to be wired into a central location and share the same media; do not regenerate (repeat) the signal.
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14
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Digital video format identified by “.mpg” extension after the file name; a working group of ISO/IEC charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards.
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16
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The pre-boot sequence for a computer, router, or printer.
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17
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A telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office.
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22
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Transitional data communications facilities at which Network Service Providers (NSPs) would exchange traffic, in replacement of the publicly-financed NSFNet Internet backbone; now replaced by modern IXPs.
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23
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A publicly available network supporting packet-switched data, separate from PSTN.
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24
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Connects sites in and around a large city.
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25
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Optimizes the client/server architecture; provides and supports network services such as file services, e-mail, Internet and intranet services, and applications.
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26
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Network that operates within a small geographic area, usually within a building, office, or department.
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27
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Hand-held computer with a touch screen.
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32
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A microcomputer whose price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals.
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33
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Interface between the application (word processor, spreadsheet, etc.) and the computer hardware.
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34
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How clients access their mailboxes on the messaging server; usually done in its third version, POP3.
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35
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A unit of measurement of frequency, also known as cycles per second.
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38
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Allows applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network (LAN).
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39
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Desk space of the computer system; microchips located on the motherboard that hold data and instructions for the CPU (central processing unit).
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41
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Makes USENET possible; protocol for the distribution, inquiry, retrieval, and posting of news articles using a reliable stream-based transmission of news among the ARPA Internet.
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